Any equipment or vehicle work where unexpected startup or the release of stored energy could injure someone. That spans shop equipment like lifts and compressors and vehicle systems like dump bodies, lift gates, and EV high-voltage packs. Treat LOTO as a documented, equipment-specific process — an inventory of covered items and their energy sources, a written procedure for each, assigned roles, annual inspections, and devices that identify the worker who applied them. A lock on a breaker is not a program.
List every covered item, then identify each of its energy sources: electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical, thermal, chemical, and gravity — including stored energy such as springs, capacitors, and raised loads.
| Category | Typical covered items | Energy sources to isolate |
|---|---|---|
| Shop equipment | Vehicle lifts, air compressors, hydraulic presses, parts washers, tire changers, shop electrical panels | Electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical, thermal, chemical — plus stored energy in springs and capacitors |
| Vehicle systems | Hydraulic dump bodies, lift gates, PTO-driven equipment, raised loads, high-voltage systems on electric and hybrid vehicles | Hydraulic, mechanical, electrical (including high voltage), and gravity — a raised dump body or load is stored energy |
Each procedure documents how to shut the equipment down, isolate every energy source, apply locks or tags, release or restrain stored energy, and verify isolation before work begins. Verification is its own step — try the controls, test the circuit, confirm the load is restrained.
Then document the return-to-service sequence: inspect the equipment and work area, clear people from the danger zone, confirm controls are neutral or off, have each worker remove their own device, and notify affected employees when the equipment is ready.
The employer is responsible for establishing and enforcing the energy-control program. Train three groups: authorized employees who perform lockout, affected employees who operate or work near the equipment, and other employees in the area. If you’re short-staffed, that training load is one more reason to get technician coverage right.
Provide devices authorized for the equipment: durable, standardized, substantial, and identifying the employee who applied them. Use lockout whenever the isolating device accepts a lock; use tagout only when it cannot be locked or when the tagout program provides equivalent protection.
Retrain when jobs, equipment, or procedures change. Inspect each procedure at least annually — conducted by an authorized employee other than those using that procedure — and certify the inspection in writing. For group work, each worker attaches a personal lock to the group device. For shift changes, transfer protection without ever leaving the equipment unprotected. Coordinate procedures with outside contractors working in your shop.
A LOTO procedure filed in a binder doesn’t protect anyone. Make the steps available where technicians actually encounter the work — on the equipment inspection checklist and on the work order itself. Fleets using Fleet360’s maintenance and repair tools attach procedures and checklists directly to the work orders technicians open in the bay, the same work orders that drive the downtime and turnaround numbers you review monthly.
Put Checklists on Every Work Order
Attach LOTO steps and inspections to the work orders your technicians already open.
Use lockout whenever the energy-isolating device accepts a lock. Use tagout only when the device cannot be locked, or when the tagout program provides protection equivalent to a lock.
The worker who applied it. Each employee removes their own device during return to service, and in group work each worker attaches a personal lock to the group device so no one’s protection depends on someone else.
At least annually, by an authorized employee other than those using that procedure, with the inspection certified in writing. Retrain employees whenever jobs, equipment, or procedures change.
Yes. Hydraulic dump bodies, lift gates, PTO-driven equipment, raised loads, and high-voltage systems on electric and hybrid vehicles all carry energy that must be isolated or restrained before work — a raised dump body is stored energy the same way a charged capacitor is.